The Presa Canario Dog: It's true origin
   Manuel Curtó Gracia
La Laguna - Tenerife
1991
        
 
THE DOGS IN THE AGREEMENTS OF THE CABILDO (TOWN COUNCIL) AND DECREES OF TENERIFE AND BETANCURIA
    By the Agreements of the Cabildo of Betancuria (Fuerteventura), by the Agreements of the Cabildo of Tenerife, and by Decrees of Tenerife, we know that the European settled down in the Canary Islands –that in those dates already constituted part of the Spanish political map- had dogs of diverse breeds for different assignment.
   There is an Agreement  of the Cabildo of Tenerife, dated  September 1501 that says: “If there were herd of pigs, then can have one of the large ones, and if this one causes some damage in the other people's herds must pays it or has it enzalamado (with muzzle) and also that two bitches of the larges ones, be the one of Cristobal de Valdespino and the other one of Fernando de Llerena  provided  has them tied or enzalamadas and if  they do not do it thus, the dogs can be killed”. These larges dogs could perfectly be the ancestors of the actual Spanish Mastiff.

 In another Agreement of date 23 of October 1506 we read, “And then Guillén Castellano said that many times he has order to put remedy in the problem of the dogs, due they make much damage in the herds of this island (Tenerife), and same he says now, that must put remedy, due them, like people that love the service of their Highness and the good of the community of the island and the convenience to solved of once the problem. Then they ordered to announced it publicly and that all the neighbours and inhabitants of this island bring all the dogs that they have and they display them at Guillén Castellano, regent, and Alonso de Las Hijas. And that they brings them and displays them within twenty days after this decree has been announced in this villa (San Cristobal De La Laguna). And the person who does not bring them will incur and will be impose him a fine of six hundred maravedies. And then they ordered that to any person who kills wild dog, will pay one doubloon of gold”. And the 15 October of 1507 “Guillén Castellano said that since he had position to make kill dogs of this island together with Alonso de Las Hijas and due the regents do not want to kill their dogs, that he resigns his office”. Another one of 27 October 514 says, “Due the damages that the dogs do, they nominate two men to kill all the dogs according to the agreement”.
    And on 3 September 1515 “They decided that as the decrees of the dogs are something severe, that everybody has their dogs but in their house or Lander property, tied all the day, and that the herder of pigs can have in each herd a dog provided it is not of presa and  that they have it of continuous with muzzle, and those of ewes and goats one gozque” (I do not know if this gozque is the one that raised the natives to whom called Cancha or if it were a type of small dog brought from Spain by the colonos).”

Due the great damages that the dogs do in the herds, and such dogs have them pegueros (those that they make the pitch), almocrebes (carriers), and other people of badly living, that takes it to the field with them to hunt and to rob, and other that were not controlled by their owners and other that became wilds, so that they were worse than wolves, due why they ordered that in the term of three days all those that have dogs they kill them, but that this decree is not applied against the butchers, who each one of them has two dogs for the service, that having them tied at night and of day and only they untie them to clutch the cattle. Also, because there are in this island two dogs that kill the wild dogs (cimarrones) to left dogs to kill the savages, it is allowed that these two dogs stay, because are trained, as it has been seen by experience in Adexe and Abona, where have them  Pedro de Lugo, regent, whenever they do not come to the population. Also is allowed gozques of one span tall, in agreed by the gentlemen Castellano and Llerena. And they revoked previous decrees about dogs”.
   I want to suppose that the dogs that Pedro de Lugo used to kill wild dogs were of presa, just like the dogs of which the following decree talks about, the one dated  9 April l518, that say:
”Against the wild dogs, to remedy the damages is a man here who has dogs with which he has killed many of the savages, of whom he has shown the skins of the heads to the authorities, whose good work has been paid  him and of ahead will be made here kill the wild dogs, whose services will pay the herder”. Of the same tenor is the one of date 20 February 1523 that says thus: “Announces the decree of the dogs by the damage that do in the herds. Valdés said that do not kill dogs except those who make damages. And they nominate Castellano and Gallinato to indicate the dogs that consider advisable, to kill wild dogs”.
    Also were dictated decrees relative to the hunting and to the hunters. In Decrees of Tenerife, of Don Jose Peraza de Ayala, Title XVII, page 185, says. ”That everybody have their dogs tied, or with pothooks so that they are not going to the vines to eat the grapes. If they make damage in the grapes, the first time will fine its owner; second, dogs will be killed”.  At 29 of July of the year of 1639 “The gentlemen Justice and Regiment, in front Agustín de Mesa notary public of the Council, ordered that they put pothooks to the dogs, and gathers the hens, so that they do not make damage to the vines, and it is authorized to the proprietor to put traps with poisoned raw meat”.
   For the guard of the properties and houses were used presa dogs, guarding dogs, and dogs of the larges ones, and also, as it has been seen, for the safekeeping of the cattle. <<The 18 November 1558 the gentlemen Justice and Regiment, in front Juan Lopez de Acosta, notary public of the Council, ordered that by the damage that make the dogs to the herds, each hunter and neighbour can have up to four marked dogs of hunting with their  respective marks and register the dogs that they have, with his marks and colour, and to have a book in where they register themselves, and in which the owner give guarantees for them  when make damage to the herds, and can kill the dogs when their owners do not pay, and that when they do not go to hunt have them tied, and that in the part of Abona and Adexe nobody can have dogs females under the mentioned penalty”.

 And In an Agreement of Betancuria (Fuerteventura) of date 21 October 1624 we read: “The herds of goats and sheep suffer great damages due the dogs, reason why they decide that all the people in the term of eight days kill those that exceed of one by neighbour, for the guard of their house. And this is understood respect to the hunting dogs and presa dogs. Passed the eight days those that have not fulfilled the decided thing, will be visited, and those that has not killed the dogs, will be punish”.
    Another Agreement of date 22 of September 1626 says: “Ordered by the Cabildo that the neighbours do not have more of a dog, and that this one will be of hunting and not guarding dog, by the damages that they do to the breeders (herder), is order now that who have guarding dog will kills it in the term of three days, under penalty of four ducat and twenty days of prison”.

 One more, of 16 of August 1627, that says: “Due the great damage that to the herds do the dogs and by not have to killed them themselves despite the decrees that have been dictated, commanded that in term of six days they do it, under penalty of four ducats”. And another of date 16 August 1630: “Due the damages that they cause, commanded that no neighbour has more of a hunting dog, with chain; and kill all the others, pain of six hundred maravedies and ten days of prison. In order to have presa dog, he will have to show it to the Justice”. And thus we arrived at the month of January of 1645, “Where sees writing by the Personer General, Sebastián de Betancor, requesting that kills the dogs that there are in the island due the great damage that they do, for what decide that Sunday 22 of the present is published that all the neighbours kill the dogs they have, except one, that they have left for guard of their houses, having tied it if is of presa or guard, fulfilling it in the term of eight days, under penalty of six hundred maravedies”.
    The dogs of guard (Perro de Ganado) and presa (griping dogs) are repeat constantly in the Agreements and Decrees, evident symptom that they were the most numerous, or more feared, due their  misdeed towards the herd. The Perro de Ganado Majorero is of the best dogs like livestock guardian if there are raised with the animals and have been taught properly, otherwise, and if the hunger presses them, they have been and they are feared by all the herders. And we imagined which would be the behaviour of those frightful dogs of presa, of Spanish origin, been loose in the islands and with hunger.

As they spend the years the decrees and agreements relative to the dogs appear with much less frequency. Is of supposition that the dictated ones, and applying, already from the first times of the conquest and colonization, would finish solving the problem.

Of Fuerteventura it is the following Agreement, of date 14 October of 1,682, Villa de Betancuria, and says: “Augmented the damage that the dogs do in the herds, and there are houses in which if the father has six children each one wants to have a dog, they commanded that each neighbour does not have more than a dog, tied with chain, and kill the others”. Elapsed the years -more than half century- and the 13  March 1737 is accorded, in the Villa de Betancuria, “Being embarked foreign of other islands and left in ports one or two dogs each one, that causes damage in the herd, orders the commissioners kill them and ban to whom is not cattlemen or farmer, has any dog”.
   Summarizing and to finish, it is clear that the dogs of presa, the guarding dogs (Perro de Ganado), whose breed is conserved in Fuerteventura, and the podencos (greyhounds), as well as the great   perdigueros (partridged dogs) and masttiffs - these last two  breeds already extinguished, just like the Cancha of the natives -, were brought to the Canary Islands by the conquerors and colonist from Spain.

 

 Copyright © Manuel Curtó Gracia- Legal registry deposit: TF 2100/91

 

Perra de la tierra

Female "de ganado canaria" or "de la tierra", with her owner, Teodora Suárez.

Gáldar (Gran Canaria). 1970.