The Presa Canario Dog: It's true origin Manuel Curtó Gracia La Laguna - Tenerife 1991
In another Agreement of date 23 of October 1506 we read,
“And then Guillén Castellano said that many times he has order to put remedy
in the problem of the dogs, due they make much damage in the herds of this
island (Tenerife), and same he says now, that must put remedy, due them,
like people that love the service of their Highness and the good of the
community of the island and the convenience to solved of once the problem.
Then they ordered to announced it publicly and that all the neighbours and
inhabitants of this island bring all the dogs that they have and they
display them at Guillén Castellano, regent, and Alonso de Las Hijas. And
that they brings them and displays them within twenty days after this decree
has been announced in this villa (San Cristobal De La Laguna). And the
person who does not bring them will incur and will be impose him a fine of
six hundred maravedies. And then they ordered that to any person who kills
wild dog, will pay one doubloon of gold”. And the 15 October of 1507
“Guillén Castellano said that since he had position to make kill dogs of
this island together with Alonso de Las Hijas and due the regents do not
want to kill their dogs, that he resigns his office”. Another one of 27
October 514 says, “Due the damages that the dogs do, they nominate two men
to kill all the dogs according to the agreement”.
And on 3 September 1515 “They decided that as the decrees of the dogs
are something severe, that everybody has their dogs but in their house or
Lander property, tied all the day, and that the herder of pigs can have in
each herd a dog provided it is not of presa and that they have it of
continuous with muzzle, and those of ewes and goats one gozque” (I
do not know if this gozque is the one that raised the natives to
whom called Cancha or if it were a type of small dog brought from
Spain by the colonos).”
Due the great damages that the dogs do in the herds,
and such dogs have them pegueros (those that they make the pitch),
almocrebes (carriers), and other people of badly living, that takes it
to the field with them to hunt and to rob, and other that were not
controlled by their owners and other that became wilds, so that they were
worse than wolves, due why they ordered that in the term of three days all
those that have dogs they kill them, but that this decree is not applied
against the butchers, who each one of them has two dogs for the service,
that having them tied at night and of day and only they untie them to clutch
the cattle. Also, because there are in this island two dogs that kill the
wild dogs (cimarrones) to left dogs to kill the savages, it is allowed that
these two dogs stay, because are trained, as it has been seen by experience
in Adexe and Abona, where have them Pedro de Lugo, regent, whenever they do
not come to the population. Also is allowed gozques of one span tall, in
agreed by the gentlemen Castellano and Llerena. And they revoked previous
decrees about dogs”.
I want to suppose that the dogs that Pedro de Lugo used to kill wild dogs
were of presa, just like the dogs of which the following decree talks about,
the one dated 9 April l518, that say:
”Against the wild dogs, to remedy the damages is a man here who has dogs
with which he has killed many of the savages, of whom he has shown the skins
of the heads to the authorities, whose good work has been paid him and of
ahead will be made here kill the wild dogs, whose services will pay the
herder”. Of the same tenor is the one of date 20 February 1523 that says
thus: “Announces the decree of the dogs by the damage that do in the herds.
Valdés said that do not kill dogs except those who make damages. And they
nominate Castellano and Gallinato to indicate the dogs that consider
advisable, to kill wild dogs”.
Also were dictated decrees relative to the hunting and to the hunters.
In Decrees of Tenerife, of Don Jose Peraza de Ayala, Title XVII, page 185,
says. ”That everybody have their dogs tied, or with pothooks so that they
are not going to the vines to eat the grapes. If they make damage in the
grapes, the first time will fine its owner; second, dogs will be killed”.
At 29 of July of the year of 1639 “The gentlemen Justice and Regiment, in
front Agustín de Mesa notary public of the Council, ordered that they put
pothooks to the dogs, and gathers the hens, so that they do not make damage
to the vines, and it is authorized to the proprietor to put traps with
poisoned raw meat”.
For the guard of the properties and houses were used presa
dogs, guarding
dogs, and dogs of the larges ones, and also, as it has been seen, for the
safekeeping of the cattle. <<The 18 November 1558 the gentlemen Justice and
Regiment, in front Juan Lopez de Acosta, notary public of the Council,
ordered that by the damage that make the dogs to the herds, each hunter and
neighbour can have up to four marked dogs of hunting with their respective
marks and register the dogs that they have, with his marks and colour, and
to have a book in where they register themselves, and in which the owner
give guarantees for them when make damage to the herds, and can kill the
dogs when their owners do not pay, and that when they do not go to hunt have
them tied, and that in the part of Abona and Adexe nobody can have dogs
females under the mentioned penalty”.
And In an Agreement of Betancuria (Fuerteventura) of
date 21 October 1624 we read: “The herds of goats and sheep suffer great
damages due the dogs, reason why they decide that all the people in the term
of eight days kill those that exceed of one by neighbour, for the guard of
their house. And this is understood respect to the hunting dogs and presa
dogs. Passed the eight days those that have not fulfilled the decided thing,
will be visited, and those that has not killed the dogs, will be punish”.
Another Agreement of date 22 of September 1626 says: “Ordered by the
Cabildo that the neighbours do not have more of a dog, and that this one
will be of hunting and not guarding dog, by the damages that they do to the
breeders (herder), is order now that who have guarding dog will kills it in
the term of three days, under penalty of four ducat and twenty days of
prison”.
One more, of 16 of August 1627, that says: “Due the
great damage that to the herds do the dogs and by not have to killed them
themselves despite the decrees that have been dictated, commanded that in
term of six days they do it, under penalty of four ducats”. And another of
date 16 August 1630: “Due the damages that they cause, commanded that no
neighbour has more of a hunting dog, with chain; and kill all the others,
pain of six hundred maravedies and ten days of prison. In order to have
presa dog, he will have to show it to the Justice”. And thus we arrived at
the month of January of 1645, “Where sees writing by the Personer General,
Sebastián de Betancor, requesting that kills the dogs that there are in the
island due the great damage that they do, for what decide that Sunday 22 of
the present is published that all the neighbours kill the dogs they have,
except one, that they have left for guard of their houses, having tied it if
is of presa or guard, fulfilling it in the term of eight days, under penalty
of six hundred maravedies”.
The dogs of guard (Perro de Ganado) and presa (griping dogs) are repeat
constantly in the Agreements and Decrees, evident symptom that they were the
most numerous, or more feared, due their misdeed towards the herd. The
Perro de Ganado Majorero is of the best dogs like livestock guardian if
there are raised with the animals and have been taught properly, otherwise,
and if the hunger presses them, they have been and they are feared by all
the herders. And we imagined which would be the behaviour of those frightful
dogs of presa, of Spanish origin, been loose in the islands and with hunger.
As they spend the years the decrees and agreements relative to the dogs appear with much less frequency. Is of supposition that the dictated ones, and applying, already from the first times of the conquest and colonization, would finish solving the problem.
Of Fuerteventura it is the following Agreement, of
date 14 October of 1,682, Villa de Betancuria, and says: “Augmented the
damage that the dogs do in the herds, and there are houses in which if the
father has six children each one wants to have a dog, they commanded that
each neighbour does not have more than a dog, tied with chain, and kill the
others”. Elapsed the years -more than half century- and the 13 March 1737
is accorded, in the Villa de Betancuria, “Being embarked foreign of other
islands and left in ports one or two dogs each one, that causes damage in
the herd, orders the commissioners kill them and ban to whom is not
cattlemen or farmer, has any dog”.
Summarizing and to finish, it is clear that the dogs of presa, the
guarding dogs (Perro de Ganado), whose breed is conserved in Fuerteventura,
and the podencos (greyhounds), as well as the great perdigueros
(partridged dogs) and masttiffs - these last two breeds already
extinguished, just like the Cancha of the natives -, were brought
to the Canary Islands by the conquerors and colonist from Spain.
Copyright © Manuel Curtó Gracia- Legal registry deposit: TF 2100/91
Female "de ganado canaria" or "de la tierra", with her owner, Teodora Suárez.
Gáldar (Gran Canaria). 1970.